初级职称考试：历年考试真题及答案解析

初级职称考试历年真题及答案解析

职称是我国重要的职业资格之一，通过职称考试可以获得很多好处，如晋升职务、增加收入等。本文将分享初级职称考试的历年真题及答案解析，对于正在准备职称考试的人来说，这些资料将非常有用。

一、初级职称入户条件

1. 无犯罪记录；

2. 年龄不超过45岁；

3. 必须具有中专以上学历，并获得中级职称；

4. 必须有一个月以上社保缴纳记录，且办理落户时社保状态正常。

需要注意的是，中级职称需要全国统考，如果是评审的则需要在深圳市进行评审才可以落户。

二、没有职称怎么办？

如果没有职称，只能参加考试获得职称。一般来说，可以前往培训机构报名参加职称考试培训。培训课程的费用大约在4000元左右。只要认真学习，通过率还是比较高的。

三、可以落户的职称有哪些？

目前的职称分为27个专业技术系列，包括高校教师、中小学教师、卫生技术、经济、工程技术、艺术等。每个系列又分初级、中级、高级三个级别。

四、历年职称考试真题及答案解析

以下是部分历年职称考试真题及答案解析，供大家参考：

1. 2017年初级职称《公共英语》真题及答案解析

阅读理解

Passage1

Questions 1-4

Do you recognize the smiley face that has become a common feature of written messages?

1. What is the smiley face?

A.It is a symbol.

B.It is a picture.

C.It is a computer program.

D.It is a message.

【答案】A

【解析】文章首句就引出了要讨论的话题：smiley face（微笑脸），这是一种表情符号，题干问smiley face是什么，A选项“它是一个符号”表述准确。

2. When did the smiley face appear in electronic messages?

A.1963.

B.1973.

C.1983.

D.1993.

【答案】B

【解析】由文章第二、三句可知，smiley face最早出现于1973年，即B选项。

3. When did Walmart executives receive a message containing a smiley face?

A.1983.

B.1993.

C.2003.

D.2013.

【答案】A

【解析】题干问的是沃尔玛（Walmart）高管在一个信息中收到了smiley face的具体时间是什么时候，由文章第三、四句可以推知，这发生在1983年，故A选项是正确的。

4. Why did some conservative writers and publications oppose the use of the smiley face in the 1980s?

A.They did not like the smiley face's association with Walmart.

B.They thought the smiley face represented conformity and low standards.

C.They believed that the smiley face was offensive to some groups.

D.They were afraid that the smiley face would become too popular.

【答案】B

【解析】文章第五、六句讲到20世纪80年代有些保守派作家和出版物反对使用smiley face，理由是他们认为smiley face代表的是“墨守成规和低标准”，也就是B选项。

Passage 2

Questions 5-7

What is a "requesting letter"?

5. What is the primary purpose of a requesting letter?

A.To ask for a reply.

B.To ask for a meeting.

C.To ask for money.

D.To ask for a favor.

【答案】D

【解析】文章第一、二句让我们了解到一封requesting letter（请求信）是用来向某人请求帮助的，也就是D选项。

6. What should the tone of a requesting letter be?

A.Casual and friendly.

B.Apologetic and respectful.

C.Formal and direct.

D.Humorous and sarcastic.

【答案】C

【解析】文章第五句强调requesting letter必须要表现出真诚和有正式感，故C选项最合适。

7. What should be included in the closing of a requesting letter?

A.Ask for a reply within a few days.

B.Ignoring your request will not affect your relationship.

C.Let me know if there is anything I can do for you.

D.An expression of gratitude for the help provided.

【答案】D

【解析】文章谈到closing部分的写作时，第五段叙述到“One common way to close a letter is to express gratitude for the reader’s help.”，因此D选项正确。

2. 2016年初级职称《人力资源管理》真题及答案解析

阅读理解

HR managers these days often complain of being busy with increasing numbers of people seeking jobs and fewer jobs being offered in the market. In addition, human capital development has always been an important topic for developing countries, and it is also becoming crucial to even the developed countries, because this is the era of knowledge economy, where knowledge is the key source of growth and competitiveness. People are learning to retrieve and manage knowledge to develop skills that will help them be more employable, entrepreneurial and productive. To this end, it becomes imperative that organizations invest in training and development programmes which are capable of building capacity and competencies of employees.

This is where the Learning and Development function of the HR Department comes in. It primarily centers on identifying the training and developmental needs of all employees, with a view to improving their skills, knowledge, and also, inculcating desired behaviors in-order to optimize the overall performance of the organization. The function is accomplished to a large extent via corporate training and mentoring programmes, which are designed to ensure that employees receive skills and knowledge regularly, and stay up-to-date and competitive in their fields.

But a recent study by the Conference Board revealed that the opposite is taking place in most organizations. In their report, which involved a research into Learning & Development practices globally, they found out that in a worldwide survey, only 24% of employees who experienced training actually applied the principles learned from the training on-the-job. Although the report indicated some significant improvements, a lot still needs to be done in terms of designing, developing, delivering, and measuring training programmes effectively to improve employees’ knowledge and skills.

After the training, it becomes important to find out how much employees have learned, and how much their behavior has changed from the training. This is what evaluation is concerned with. However, a number of evaluation efforts result in mixed results at best, because traditional methods of measuring and evaluating programs, such as tests or group discussions sometimes fail to capture the full picture, or fall short on the key objectives of assessing the application of training on-the-job.

Ultimately, the true measure of Learning & Development is whether it translates into improved performance of both employees and organizations.

根据短文回答问题：

1. What is the Learning and Development function of the HR Department?

A. Identifying the job vacancies

B. Developing the employees’ capacity and competencies

C. Developing the customers’ skills and knowledge

D. Delivering advertising and marketing services

【答案】B

【解析】短文第二段提到“Learning and Development function of the HR Department centers on identifying the training and developmental needs of all employees, with a view to improving their skills, knowledge, and also, inculcating desired behaviors in-order to optimize the overall performance of the organization.”，故选项B正确。

2. What is the significance of the Learning and Development function in the organization?

A. As a capacity for human capital improvement.

B. As a way to optimize the overall performance of the organization.

C. As a way to generate new job opportunities.

D. As a way to promote the organization's revenue.

【答案】B

【解析】短文第一段提到“human capital development has always been an important topic for developing countries, and it is also becoming crucial to even the developed countries, because this is the era of knowledge economy, where knowledge is the key source of growth and competitiveness.”，随后接着谈到“organizations invest in training and development programmes which are capable of building capacity and competencies of employees”，这些都反映了针对员工的学习和发展计划是为了提高组织的整体绩效，故选B。

3. What was revealed from the recent study by the Conference Board?

A. Learning & Development practices globally are successful.

B. Training programmes failed to improve employees’ knowledge and skills.

C. Current evaluation method of Learning & Development practices is effective.

D. A large percentage of employees who experienced training actually applied the principles learned from the training on-the-job.

【答案】D

【解析】短文第5段提到一项涉及全球的Learning & Development研究发现，“only 24% of employees who experienced training actually applied the principles learned from the training on-the-job.”故选项D为正确答案。

以上仅为部分历年初级职称考试真题及答案解析，希望对准备职称考试的考生有所帮助。